Abstract
With the increasing need for steel sheet quality assurance, the detection of micro-scaled inclusions in steel sheets has become critical. Many techniques have been explored to detect inclusions, e.g., visual inspection, radiography, magnetic testing, and ultrasound. Among these methods, ultrasound (US) is the most commonly used non-destructive testing (NDT) method due to its ease of use and deep penetration depth. However, ultrasound currently cannot be used for detecting the micro-scaled inclusions due to low spatial resolution, e.g., less than 30 μm, which are the key important factors causing the cracks in the high-quality steel sheets. Here, we demonstrate a high-resolution US imaging (USI) using high-frequency US transducers to image micro inclusions in steel sheets. Our system utilizes through-transmission USI and identifies ultrasound scattering produced by the inclusions. We first ultrasonically imaged the artificial flaws induced by the laser on the steel sheet surface for validating the system. We then imaged the real inclusions in the steel sheets formed during manufacturing processes and analyzed them to derive quantitative parameters related to the number of micro-scaled inclusions. Our results confirm that inclusions less than 30 μm can be identified using our high-resolution USI modality and has the potential to be used as an effective tool for quality assurance of the steel sheets.
Highlights
With the increasing need for steel sheet quality assurance, the detection of micro-scaled inclusions in steel sheets has become critical
The detectable sizes of inclusions decreased with high-frequency transducers, it is still challenging to detect the inclusions less than 30 μm, which are the key important factors causing the cracks in the high-quality steel s heets[20,21,22]
The laser-induced artificial flaws (LAFs) were placed at the top surface of the steel sheet with the focal point of the transmitting transducer placed on this surface
Summary
With the increasing need for steel sheet quality assurance, the detection of micro-scaled inclusions in steel sheets has become critical. Ultrasound currently cannot be used for detecting the microscaled inclusions due to low spatial resolution, e.g., less than 30 μm, which are the key important factors causing the cracks in the high-quality steel sheets. We demonstrate a high-resolution US imaging (USI) using high-frequency US transducers to image micro inclusions in steel sheets. High-resolution visual inspections are widely used due to ease of u se[6,7] but are limited to surface flaws only Other methods such as thermography, radiography, and magnetic testing The typical magnetic testing approaches can only test ferrous s pecimens[11,12], and in particular, eddy-current testing only detects the subsurface defects[13] All these methods suffer from low spatial resolution. Independent of the frequency of the transducer, it is fundamentally difficult to resolve the inclusions less than 30 μm using the echo signals only due to the low sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs)
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