Abstract
Detection of Macroprolactinemia and Molecular Characterization of Prolactin Isoforms in Blood Samples of Hyperprolactinemic WomenProlactin (PRL) circulates in the blood in the form of monomeric prolactin, dimeric prolactin and macroprolactin. Macroprolactin is a common cause of hyperprolactinemia. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of macroprolactinemia in hyperprolactinemic women and to undertake the biochemical characterization of macroprolactin. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on one hundred hyperprolactinemic patients. All the sera were subjected to polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and were divided into true hyperprolactinemics (PRL recovery >60%), probable macroprolactinemics (PRL recovery between 40 and 60%) and macroprolactinemics (PRL recovery < 40%). The prevalence of macroprolactinemia was found to be 34%. Sera from each group were further analyzed for isoforms of prolactin by gel filtration chromatography (GFC). The clinical spectrum of presenting complaints in the hyperprolactinemic cohort included oligomenorrhea, galactorrhea and infertility, but the presentation did not differ between macroprolactinemic and truly hyperprolactinemic patients. GFC showed three major PRL isoforms, viz., 23.5 kDa (monomeric), 47 kDa (dimeric) and 150-174.6 kDa (PRL-IgG complexes) along with the medium and heavy weight aggregates of prolactin. The results of the study showed that macroprolactinemia is one of the causes of hyperprolactinemia with high prevalence. It is recommended that all hyperprolactinemic patients be screened for macroprolactinemia.
Highlights
Hyperprolactinemia is one of the most common endocrine disorders of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis
They were screened for macroprolactinemia with the help of polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation
34 patients showed a recovery of less than 40%, i.e. the prevalence of macroprolactinemia in our study group was 34% of patients (Figure 1)
Summary
Hyperprolactinemia is one of the most common endocrine disorders of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis. The disorder is characterized by galactorrhea, infertility and menstrual disturbances. Hyperprolactinemia could be caused by a circulating isoform of prolactin which is higher in molecular weight and has a much longer biological half-life in plasma. This large prolactin (bbPRL) predominates in some patients with hyperprolactinemia, and the condition is called macroprolactinemia or pseudohyperprolactinemia [2]. In this condition, the patient’s serum harbours macroprolactin with a molecular mass greater than 150 kDa in addition to monomeric 23 kDa PRL [3]
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