Abstract
BackgroundStaphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a major source of infections associated with indwelling medical devices. Many antiseptic agents are used in hygienic handwash to prevent nosocomial infections by Staphylococci. Our aim was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility and resistance to quaternary ammonium compound of 46 S. aureus strains and 71 CoNS.MethodsS. aureus (n = 46) isolated from auricular infection and CoNS (n = 71), 22 of the strains isolated from dialysis fluids and 49 of the strains isolated from needles cultures were investigated. Erythromycin resistance genes (ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA and mef) were analysed by multiplex PCR and disinfectant-resistant genes (qacA, qacB, and qacC) were studied by PCR-RFLP.ResultsThe frequency of erythromycin resistance genes in S. aureus was: ermA+ 7.7%, ermB+ 13.7%, ermC+ 6% and msrA+ 10.2%. In addition, the number of positive isolates in CoNS was respectively ermA+ (9.4%), ermB+ (11.1%), ermC+ (27.4%), and msrA+ (41%). The MIC analyses revealed that 88 isolates (74%) were resistant to quaternary ammonium compound-based disinfectant benzalkonium chloride (BC). 56% of the BC-resistant staphylococcus isolates have at least one of the three resistant disinfectants genes (qacA, qacB and qacC). Nine strains (7.7%) among the CoNS species and two S. aureus strains (2%) harboured the three-qac genes. In addition, the qacC were detected in 41 strains.ConclusionsMulti-resistant strains towards macrolide and disinfectant were recorded. The investigation of antibiotics and antiseptic-resistant CoNS may provide crucial information on the control of nosocomial infections.
Highlights
Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a major source of infections associated with indwelling medical devices
We examined the antibiotic susceptibility and resistance to quaternary ammonium compound-based disinfectant benzalkonium chloride (BC) of 46 S. aureus strains isolated from auricular infection and 71 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from dialysis fluids and needles cultures
Biochemical characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility A total of 117 clinical staphylococcal strains were isolated from Kairouan, in central of Tunisia including 46 S. aureus strains isolated from auricular infection and 71 CoNS strains isolated from dialysis fluid and needles from a dialysis service
Summary
Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a major source of infections associated with indwelling medical devices. The significant prevalence of nosocomial infections caused by multi-resistant S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) has been documented [2,3]. These species have the ability to survive in medical devices for months [4]. Found in clinical staphylococci (qacA, qacB, and qacC), these genes are generally carried by plasmids [14,15,16]. Some of these plasmids (pST6, pSK4, and pSK41) contain antibiotic resistance genes encoding resistance to gentamicin, penicillin, kanamycin, and tobramycine [17,18]. The relation between qac resistance and penicillin resistance in human clinical staphylococci is quite prevalent [22]
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