Abstract
The widespread use of electric vehicles is nowadays limited by the “range anxiety” of the customers. The drivers’ main concerns are related to the kilometric range of the vehicle and to the charging time. An optimized fast-charge profile can help to decrease the charging time, without degrading the cell performance and reducing the cycle life. One of the main reasons for battery capacity fade is linked to the Lithium plating phenomenon. This work investigates two methodologies, i.e., three-electrode cell measurement and internal resistance evolution during charging, for detecting the Lithium plating conditions. From this preliminary analysis, it was possible to develop new Multi-Stage Constant-Current profiles, designed to improve the performance in terms of charging time and cells capacity retention with respect to a reference profile. Four new profiles were tested and compared to a reference. The results coming from the new profiles demonstrate a simultaneous improvement in terms of charging time and cycling life, showing the reliability of the implemented methodology in preventing Lithium plating.
Highlights
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Since the second methodology is simpler and can be applied to the full cells without Since the second methodology is simpler and can be applied to the full cells without the need to tear them down and to test the materials in a three-electrode cell, one of the the need to tear them down and to test the materials in a three-electrode cell, one of the objectives of the present study is to compare the capacity of the two techniques of predicting objectives of the present study is to compare the capacity of the two techniques of predictLithium plating
Potential as a function of time, measured in a three-electrode
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The energy economy based on fossil fuels involves tremendous risks, e.g., high demand for oil, depletion of non-renewable resources, increase of CO2 emissions, etc. From this standpoint, it is necessary to drastically foster alternative energy systems. It is necessary to drastically foster alternative energy systems In this sense, the replacement of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) with Electric, Hybrid, Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles (EVs, HEVs. and PHEVs) seems to track the route towards a sustainable mobility [1,2]
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