Detection of INVA Gene and Cytotoxin of Salmonella entertidis in Food Samples Using Molecular Methods

Arif Malik,Faheem Hadi,Maha Almas,Maham Mazhar,Mariam Zameer,Muhammad Imtiaz Shafiq,Nureen Zahra,Qurban Ali,Sajjad Ali Gill,Syeda Yumna Farrukh,Tahir Muhammad,Usaal Tahir

doi:10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i1231249

Arif Malik, Faheem Hadi + Show 10 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i1231249

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Abstract

Salmonella entertidis is a foodborne pathogen that causes various diseases in human beings worldwide. The toxin of Salmonella can cause infectious diseases. In this research project, Salmonella was detected through various microbial, biochemical and molecular tests in diverse food samples collected from highly populated, moderately populated and less populated areas of Lahore, Pakistan. Enriched cultures of all food samples such as apples, tomatoes, yogurt and mayonnaise was streaked on violet-red bile glucose agar, Simmon’s citrate agar and eosin-methylene blue agar (EMB). Salmonella isolates were screened for the presence of toxin encoding gene through PCR. 27% apples, 19% tomatoes, 5% mayonnaise and 7% yogurt were found to be positive for INVA genes (invasion protein genes). In medical and pharmaceutical point of views the INVA gene can also help to develop specific medicines against salmonella. The cytotoxin that is protein in nature was confirmed by SDS PAGE in mayonnaise samples. This study illustrates that foods of highly populated areas are reservoir for Salmonella entertidis in Pakistan. There is need to develop specific drugs, precautionary measures to control salmonella and its disease.

Highlights

Salmonella is a most renowned entero-pathogen associated with serious illness in humans and animals including entertidis and diarrhea [1]
The isolated DNA was used for the detection of invA gene of Salmonella entertidis
Results were further confirmed by PCR and bacterial cytotoxin was identified by SDS PAGE

Summary

Introduction

Salmonella is a most renowned entero-pathogen associated with serious illness in humans and animals including entertidis and diarrhea [1]. It has received attention for many years due to its large number of outbreaks reported in different regions of the world [2]. Salmonella entertidis causes salmonellosis which is a gastrointestinal infection that results in fever, abdominal cramps, diarrhea after 12 to 72 h of post-infection [3]. Poultry products have been reported as the important cause of salmonellosis because this bacterial serotype is found in the intestinal tracts of chickens. Owing to large amount of the consumption of broiler chickens, eggs and poultry products, outbreaks of salmonellosis have been increased overtime. Dairy products made from improper pasteurized milk are reservoir of Salmonella [5]

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