Abstract
The dissemination of Influenza A virus (IAV) throughout the world has become one of the main concerns for the health of both animals and human beings. An efficient and sensitive diagnostic tool is thus needed for the early detection of IAV. Here, we developed a wash-free magnetic bioassay and further integrated it with a handheld platform based on giant-magnetoresistance (GMR) sensors. The wash-free magnetic bioassay significantly accelerates and simplifies the detection process. This brand-new system was successful in detecting both IAV nucleoprotein and IAV-contained nasal swab samples from pigs on the farm. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.3 nM for IAV nucleoprotein and 250 TCID50/mL for IAV-spiked nasal swab samples. The detection of nasal swab samples containing unpurified IAV was also performed, demonstrating the capability of the magnetic wash-free assay in the detection of biomarkers in complex sample matrix.
Highlights
Influenza viruses are enveloped, single-strand, negative-sense RNA viruses with segmented RNA genome
We developed a Z-lab handheld platform based on GMR sensors for the detection of Influenza A virus (IAV) (Krishna et al, 2016; Wu et al, 2017a)
The IAV nucleoprotein sample was reconstituted in sterile PBS to make the final concentrations of 1000 ng/mL (17.7 nM), 500 ng/mL (8.8 nM), 250 ng/mL (4.4 nM), 125 ng/mL (2.2 nM), 60 ng/mL (1.1 nM), and 30 ng/mL (0.55 nM)
Summary
Single-strand, negative-sense RNA viruses with segmented RNA genome. It was demonstrated that the multilayer GMR sensors with magnetic microbeads bound to the surface, or the Bead Array Counter (BARC), held a great promise for measuring intermolecular forces during biomolecular recognition. Since this idea had been widely used for the detection of biomarkers either with GMR multilayers or spin valve (SV) sensors (Tondra et al, 2000; Zhi et al, 2012; Rizzi et al, 2014; Wang et al, 2015; Dias et al, 2016; Krishna et al, 2016; Cardoso et al, 2017; Wu et al, 2017a). We employed broadly reactive anti-NP antibodies to sense virus in this assay in order to detect all IAV serotypes, irrespective of their HA and NA subtypes
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