Abstract
Melanoma-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) participate in tumor pathogenesis. Tumor pathogenesis is highly dependent on inflammatory processes. Given the potential for melanoma sEVs to carry tumor biomarkers, we explored the hypothesis that they may contain inflammation-related mRNA content. Biophysical characterization showed that human primary melanocyte-derived sEVs trended toward being smaller and having less negative (more neutral) zeta potential than human melanoma sEVs (A-375, SKMEL-28, and C-32). Using primary melanocyte sEVs as the control population, RT-qPCR array results demonstrated similarities and differences in gene expression between melanoma sEV types. Upregulation of pro-angiogenic chemokine ligand CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL8 mRNAs in A-375 and SKMEL-28 melanoma sEVs was the most consistent finding. This paralleled increased production of CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL8 proteins by A-375 and SKMEL-28 sEV source cells. Overall, the use of primary melanocyte sEVs as a control sEV reference population facilitated the detection of inflammation-related melanoma sEV mRNA content.
Highlights
Melanoma relies heavily on lymphatic dissemination for growth and metastasis [1]
We compared the biophysical properties of normal human primary melanocyte small EVs (sEVs) to various melanoma sEV sources: A-375, SKMEL-28 and C-32
While melanoma sEVs trended toward being larger than primary melanocyte sEVs, no significant difference in hydrodynamic diameter between primary melanocyte sEVs and melanoma sEVs was observed (Figure 1a)
Summary
Melanoma relies heavily on lymphatic dissemination for growth and metastasis [1]. EV nomenclature remains a work in progress and has only increased in complexity with the continual characterization of EV types and subtypes [2,3]. Given the complex heterogeneity of EV populations, they are often classified in general terms such as small EVs (sEVs), recently defined by Kowal et al to include nanovesicles known as exosomes [4]. Qualitative expression of CD63 on sEVs tends to support an endosomal origin for an sEV population and their likely identity as exosomes [4]. CD63 expression can be absent from legitimate exosome types and subpopulations [4]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
