Detection of IgA and IgG but not IgE antibody to respiratory syncytial virus in nasal washes and sera from infants with wheezing

Abstract

Background and Objective: The capacity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) to stimulate an IgE antibody response and enhance the development of atopy and asthma remains controversial. Nasal washes and sera from 40 infants (20 with wheezing, 9 with rhinitis, and 11 without respiratory tract symptoms) were obtained to measure IgE, IgA, and IgG antibody to the immunodominant, F and G, virion proteins from RSV. Study design: Children (aged 6 weeks to 2 years) were enrolled in the emergency department during the mid-winter months and seen at follow-up when they were asymptomatic. All nasal washes were tested for RSV antigen. Determinations of antibody isotypes (IgE, IgA, and IgG) to RSV antigens were done in nasal washes and sera by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In a subset of nasal washes, IgE to RSV was also evaluated by using a monoclonal anti-FcE antibody–based assay. Results: Fifteen patients with wheezing, two with rhinitis, and one control subject tested positive for RSV antigen at enrollment. Thirteen patients with wheezing were <6 months old, and most (77%) were experiencing their first attack. Among the children with positive test results for RSV antigen, an increase in both nasal wash and serum IgA antibody to RSV-Fa and Ga was observed at the follow-up visit. However, there was no evidence for an IgE antibody response to either antigen. Conclusion: Both IgA and IgG antibodies to the immunodominant RSV-Fa and Ga antigens were readily detected in the nasal washes and sera from patients in this study. We were unable to demonstrate specific IgE antibody to these antigens and conclude that the production of IgE as a manifestation of a TH2 lymphocyte response to RSV is unlikely. (J Pediatr 2001;138:311-7)