Detection of HEVC double compression with non-aligned GOP structures via inter-frame quality degradation analysis

Abstract

Detection of double compression is of great significance to reveal video compression history. However, efficient detection algorithm for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) double compression with non-aligned Group of Pictures (GOP) structures is rarely reported. To address this issue, a novel algorithm based on inter-frame quality degradation process analysis is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a brief introduction to HEVC standard and double compression with non-aligned GOP structures is provided. Next, theoretical analysis of inter-frame quality degradation process is given. Then, from the perspective of filtering decision, the inter-frame In-Loop Filtering Decision Mode (ILFDM) feature is adopted for double compression detection. Finally, the detection framework is given, which includes feature extraction, feature combination and periodic analysis. Experiments are conducted under different coding scenarios, by comparing with existing algorithms, results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has better performance not only in terms of double compression detection, but also in original GOP size estimation. Furthermore, the proposed scheme is proved to be satisfactory in relocated I-frame detection.