Abstract
Using recently developed cultivation and assay systems, currently available methods for concentrating enteric viruses from drinking water by adsorption to and subsequent elution from microporous filters followed by organic flocculation, were evaluated for their ability to recover HAV. Cell culture-adapted HAV (strain HMl75) in seeded tap water was efficiently adsorbed by both electronegative (Filterite) and electropositive (Virosorb lMDS) filters at pH and ionic conditions previously used for other enteric viruses. Adsorbed HAV was efficiently eluted from these filters by beef extract eluents at pH 9.5. Eluted HAV was further concentrated by acid precipitation (organic flocculation). Using optimum adsorption conditions for each type of filter, HAV was concentrated >100-fold from samples of seeded tap water with about 50% recovery of the initial infectious virus added to the samples. Electropositive filters were used to concentrate HAV from six samples of a fecally contaminated ground water supply implicated in an outbreak of hepatitis A in a rural community. HAV was detected and quantified in four of the six concentrate samples by radioimmunofocus assay in African green monkey kidney cell cultures. The presence of infectious HAV in water sample concentrates was further confirmed by experimental infection of chimpanzees and by virus isolation in African green monkey kidney cell cultures. The ability to recover and quantify HAV in contaminated drinking water with currently available methods should prove useful in further studies to determine the role of drinking water in HAV transmission.
Published Version
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