Detection of Genomic Instability in Renal Cancer by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis from Urine Sample as a Non-invasive Method: Potential Use in Diagnosis

Abstract

The study applied random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis including PCR technique in detection of genomic instability of renal cancer from urine samples as an early detective and a noninvasive method. DNAs extracted, using manual method, from exfoliated cells in urine of 52 renal cancer patients. All yielded DNAs were amplified with the same 10-base pair random primer (BioA-09) with GC rich sequence (5’-GGGTAACGCC-3’). PCR products from RAPD analysis were electrophoretically separated in agarose gels and banding profiles were visualized by ethidium bromide staining and viewed under ultraviolet light. Genomic alteration has been shown and included the disappearing of normal bands and appearing of new bands related to the tumor. The correlation between the genomic alteration and the histopathological types was assessed by using the X 2 test. Bands with molecular sizes 180 (X 2 = 13.15, p <0.001), 250 (X 2 = 9.524, p = 0.002), and 1250(X 2 = 5.357, p = 0.021) bp can be utilized as molecular markers for conventional renal cell carcinoma in addition to 1700 bp utilized as molecular marker for transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis (P = 0.005). Also there is an association between the presence of 500 bp and renal tumor as general (90.4%). The results of current investigation support the availability of using of RAPD-PCR analysis for screening of specific molecular markers by using Bio-A09 primer. These markers might be useful in diagnosis of renal cancer types and inspecting the tumor development.