Detection of genetically modified organisms by genetic markers in the local market of Al-Muthanna Province-Iraq

Abstract

Genetically altered plants also called genetically modified organisms or GMOs, are contentious subjects concerning food regulation. There are several challenges concerning the potential dangers of GMOs' toxic, allergenic and dietary interactions. In this context, sixty-seven food specimens were evaluated soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rice cereals (Oryza sativa L.), tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.), Corn chips, maize (Zea mays L.), and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) for GMO content; these samples were obtained from Iraq, and DNA extraction was performed using a test kit. DNA amplification was conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR); subsequently, agarose gel and four primers were used to perform electrophoresis to establish the presence of augmented GMO sequences. Experimental outcomes of 67 specimens indicated that 15 specimens tested positive; they comprised three samples each of corn chips, rice, and maize, four soybean samples, and one sample for tomato and corn seed using four primers. These results showed that GMO screening is a suitable technique for detecting transgenic plants, testing and monitoring food specimens and controlling GM levels in foods.