Abstract
Information on germplasm variability and relationships among elite materials is fundamentally important in crop improvement. In this study, genetic variability of 11 maize genotypes, three testers [Giza 1, Single cross 10 (S.C.10) and Three ways cross 310 (T.W.C. 310)] and eight selfed inbred lines (S1.19, S1.45, S1.46, S1.50, S1.51, S1.59, S1.61 and S1.64) was tested using ten microsatellite (SSRs) loci distributed on 10 chromosomes of maize, and 50 SRAP marker combinations, regarding the means of dry weight of 100 grains. For the SSRs results, only six markers were polymorphic. A total of 24 alleles were detected among the maize genotypes. At each locus, the number of alleles varied from one to five, with an average of 2.1 alleles. On the basis of the genetic similarity coefficients, the SSRs UPGMA clustering analysis separated the genotypes into two clusters showing four groups. The most unrelated genotypes were S1.19 and S1.61 where they had 0.48 genetic similarities. The PIC ranged from 0.5 to 0.8 with an average of 0.31. The SRAP results gained 37 polymorphic primers combinations with polymorphism average of 53.4%. The most related genotypes were inbred lines S1.50 and S1.45 with genetic similarity of 0.84. The PIC ranged from 0.24 to 0.91 with an average of 0.68. The combined results of both SSRs and SRAP create a dendrogram with three groups.
Highlights
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the third most important cereal crop in the world after wheat and rice as well as in Egypt (FAO, 2015)
Since maize cultivation has changed with the revolution in genetics and maize breeding programs, which was depend on characterization and genetic diversity among breeding material, so identification of genetically distant parental combinations provides best crop improvements for breeders (Elçi and Hançer, 2015)
Molecular markers provide an excellent tool of obtaining large amounts of genetic data, where genetic information plays a significant role in determining the effectiveness of work in many areas (Heikal et al, 2007 and 2015)
Summary
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the third most important cereal crop in the world after wheat and rice as well as in Egypt (FAO, 2015). Elçi and Hançer (2015) indicated that genetic differentiation of maize grains can be performed more accurately and efficiently using molecular markers. Molecular markers provide an excellent tool of obtaining large amounts of genetic data, where genetic information plays a significant role in determining the effectiveness of work in many areas (Heikal et al, 2007 and 2015). Among these markers, the Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) markers are of particular importance as these are PCRbased, highly polymorphic, reliable and reproducible (Gupta et al, 1996).
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