Detection of fungi associated with grape fruits and evaluation of the efficiency of some plant originated powder for fungi growth inhibition

Abstract

This study was carried out to detect the mycofloras that accompany the grapes in the field and to determine the percentage of their occurrence and test the efficiency of some plant parts powder in reducing such percentages. The results of isolation and identification of the fungi that associated with grape taken from the orchards and local markets of the middle Iraq governorates have shown the existence of 15 species of such fungi, the identification of five then regarded for the first record on grape fruit in Iraq: Aureobasidium pullulaus, Fusarium oxysporum, Cylindrocarbon destractans, Penicillium glabrum and Ulocladium chrtanum, and the most frequent ones are Aspergillus niger and Alternaria alternata ; the highest percentage of each is 93.3 and 40.0 % respectively, and another species like A.flavus, F.heterosporum, F. oxysporum, Mucor racemosus. Penicillium glabrum, Rhizopus stolonifer have been existence in all the samples ranged between 7.3-36.7%, while the rest of fungi existence in one to three samples. Testing the efficiency of the pomegranates peels powder (Punica granatum L.), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) and spearmint (Mentha logifolia L.)leaves, the results have shown the variation of the powder used in inhibition the growth of some fungi tested on the culture media PDA ; the effect of each powder differ in different fungi also varies in that the powder of pomegranate peels records the highest percentage of inhibition 100% in A. alternata treatment and the lowest percentage 33.3% against A. niger ; next in efficiency we have the powder of cauliflower and spearmint in the highest percentages of inhibition recorded are 77.12 and 82.00% against A. alternata while the lowest percentages of inhibition for both are 0.0 and 17.34% respectively when tested against A. niger