Abstract
BackgroundThe present study on the role of strains of adenovirus in wildlife reservoirs, and their prevalence is under exploration. In several previous studies, the presence of adenovirus strains in wild birds has been investigated. Worldwide distribution and outbreaks of adenovirus infections have been reported by many authors. The present study investigated the prevalence of FAdVs in 317 samples of different bird species from the northwestern region of Poland. An applied specific, sensitive, and efficient, without cross-reactivity loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method to gauge the prevalence of fowl adenovirus strains in wild birds was developed and used.ResultsThe method was based on the sequence of the loop L1 HVR1–4 region of the hexon gene of the FAdV genome reference strains FAdV-2 KT862805 (ANJ02325), FAdV-3 KT862807 (ANJ02399) and FAdV-11 KC750784 (AGK29904). The results obtained by LAMP were confirmed by real-time PCR. Among 317 samples obtained from wild birds, eight FAdV isolates (2.52%) were identified and produced a cytopathic effect (CPE) in chicken embryo kidney cells (CEK). Three FAdV types belonging to species Fowl adenovirus D were detected, which were isolated from three adenovirus types 2/3/11, and have been confirmed in three mute swans (Cygnus olor), three wild ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), one owl (Strigiformes), and one common wood pigeon (Columba palumbus).ConclusionsThis study provides the first accurate quantitative data for the replication of fowl adenovirus strains in wild birds in Poland, indicating adenovirus interspecies transmission, and demonstrating the circulation of FAdVs in wild birds.
Highlights
The present study on the role of strains of adenovirus in wildlife reservoirs, and their prevalence is under exploration
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdV) are separated into five species designated as Fowl adenovirus A to Fowl adenovirus E with 12 types Fowl adenovirus 1-8a-8b and 11
The objective of the present study was to estimate the number of wild birds infected by FAdVs in a forest environment, estimated the geographical distribution of this agent in the region, and perform and applied loopmediated isothermal amplification for the detection of fowl adenovirus strains and designation the adenovirus species/types
Summary
The present study on the role of strains of adenovirus in wildlife reservoirs, and their prevalence is under exploration. The presence of adenovirus strains in wild birds has been investigated. The present study investigated the prevalence of FAdVs in 317 samples of different bird species from the northwestern region of Poland. Sensitive, and efficient, without cross-reactivity loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method to gauge the prevalence of fowl adenovirus strains in wild birds was developed and used. Adenoviruses belong to the Adenoviridae family, and are non-enveloped double-stranded DNA viruses [1]. Fowl adenoviruses (FAdV) are separated into five species designated as Fowl adenovirus A to Fowl adenovirus E with 12 types Fowl adenovirus 1-8a-8b and 11. FAdVs are a Niczyporuk et al BMC Veterinary Research (2020) 16:58
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