Detection of Early Interproximal Caries in vitro Using Laser Fluorescence, Dye–Enhanced Laser Fluorescence and Direct Visual Examination

Abstract

This in vitro study evaluated the use of laser fluorescence (LF) for the detection of early interproximal carious lesions and whether the detection could be enhanced using a fluorescent dye (DELF). Direct visual examination (DV) was used for comparison. Eighty extracted teeth were used, arranged in 20 blocks, each block having 2 premolars and 2 molars, lined up in a simulated sextant situation. After cleaning with a microabrasion kit, a subcontact window on half of the surfaces (60) was exposed to Carbopol white–spot solution for 5 days. The teeth were remounted in stone and examined by three independent examiners. For LF and DELF an argon laser was used (mixed wavelength of 488 and 514 nm) viewed through glasses (excluding wavelength <520 nm). For DELF a sodium fluorescein dye (0.075%) was applied before examination. A clinical examination light was used for DV. The approximal surfaces were scored for lesion presence or absence. To verify lesion presence, the subcontact area was cut perpendicularly to the surface, stained with rhodamine B, and images were taken using a confocal microscope. The images were analyzed using a histogram program for lesion depth and image area. Lesions were present in 62 out of 120 approximal surfaces, with an average depth of 60 μm (range 17–190 μm). Sensitivity ranges for LF, DELF and DV were 56–74, 61–79 and 58–74%, and specificity ranges 67–78, 86–98 and 83–97%, respectively. With this model DELF compared favorably with DV and LF in sensitivity, but specificity was better for DELF and DV than for LF.