Detection of deuterium retention by LIBS at different background pressures

Abstract

ITER plans foresee the quantitative diagnostics of fuel retention in reactor walls at near-atmospheric pressures. Using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for this purpose assumes a reliable resolving of Balmer α-lines of hydrogen isotopes in spectra of plasma produced by focused laser radiation onto the target surface. To develop LIBS for quantitative diagnostics of fuel retention during the maintenance breaks of ITER, the effect of background gas pressure on the laser-induced plasma characteristics has been studied. The background pressure limits the expansion rate of plasma and as a result it leads to higher plasma concentrations. At the same time the limiting factor of the resolving of hydrogen isotope lines is the lines broadening by Stark effect, which is the function of electron concentration. The resolving of lines become possible recording spectra at longer delay times after the laser pulse. On the other hand, at longer delays the signal-to-noise ratio decreases. As a compromise, we found that at atmospheric pressure and at delay times >2000 ns, a fitting of Hα and Dα lines by Voigt contours allows a reliable discrimination of these lines.