Abstract
Pesticides have long been used in the cabbage industry to control pest infestation. This study investigated the potential application of low-cost and portable visible shortwave near-infrared spectroscopy for the detection of deltamethrin residue in cabbages. A total of sixty organic cabbage samples were used. The sample was divided into four batches, three batches were sprayed with deltamethrin pesticide whereas the remaining batch was not sprayed (control sample). The first three batches of the cabbages were sprayed with the pesticide at three different concentrations, namely low, medium and high with the values of 0.08, 0.11 and 0.14% volume/volume (v/v), respectively. Spectral data of the cabbage samples were collected using visible shortwave near-infrared (VSNIR) spectrometer with wavelengths range between 200 and 1100 nm. Gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) was used to determine the concentration of deltamethrin residues in the cabbages. Partial least square (PLS) regression method was adopted to investigate the relationship between the spectral data and deltamethrin concentration values. The calibration model produced the values of coefficient of determination (R2 ) and the root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 0.98 and 0.02, respectively. For the prediction model, the values of R2 and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 0.94 and 0.04, respectively. These results demonstrated that the proposed spectroscopic measurement is a promising technique for the detection of pesticide at different concentrations in cabbage samples.
Highlights
Vegetables are important food components for a healthy diet that can help in disease prevention
T-test results showed that the prediction mean values and calibration mean values of deltamethrin residues obtained from Gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) were significantly different with p-value = 0.007 (p < 0.05)
A relatively wide range of concentration values obtained from standard deviation (SD) for the cabbage samples was due to the different concentrations of the deltamethrin sprayed on the cabbages
Summary
Vegetables are important food components for a healthy diet that can help in disease prevention. Capitata) is one of the most important and widely cultivated vegetables because of its nutritional and economical values. In Malaysia, the production of cabbage in 2016 was 0.10 Mt with a production value of about RM 180 million (Department of Agriculture, 2016). Effective pest management is a very important factor to maximize farm productivity. Effective pest management is greatly associated with the use of chemical pesticide for controlling pests and diseases (Halimatunsadiah et al, 2016). Mazlan and Mumford (2005) reported that cabbage production was often affected by insects such as Myzus persicae, Plutella xylostella, and Phyllotreta striolata, which were responsible for causing crop loss up to 90%
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