Detection of Dark Matter in Space by Precise Optical Clock Transition Measurements using Co-propagating Solitons in Photonic Molecule

Abstract

It is widely accepted by the scientific community that the majority of the universe (~95%) is made of dark matter and is majorly contributes to the formation of galaxies in the universe. Since, the dark matter can’t absorb or emit electromagnetic radiation, the only possible way for the detection is to observe the gravitation interactions between it and the ordinary matter which requires huge laboratory space requirements and not suitable for space-based observations (in ISS Environments). As an alternative approach, the dark matter induces its effects on atomic/optical transitions in which optical clocks are locked into, and by measuring those changes in frequency transitions, the scalar dark matter can be detected. This can be measured precisely with mode locked frequency combs but are bulky in nature. Since ISS environment always opts for the low footprint devices, and here in this work, we are proposing Cascaded Silicon Nitride Microring resonators (Photonic Molecule) for generating easily accessible soliton states combined with the co-propagating distinct Kerr solitons to increase the sensitivity of the device and achieve faster acquisition speeds. The results of identifying the alterations of optical transitions can be calculated by taking the ratio of two different optical clocks (OAand OB) in Lumerical software using scripts as different clocks varies differently to the varying fine structure constant.