Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease in High Risk Groups Attending In a Tertiary Care Hospital of North East India

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is becoming a major global health problem. In India, diabetes and hypertension are responsible for 40% to 50% of all cases of CKD. The present study was carried out with the objective to detect the prevalence of asymptomatic CKD in high risk groups like diabetes and hypertension. Total 86 patients of age group above 18 of both sexes were selected randomly. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) was estimated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) 6 equation. Observation revealed that 15 cases had GFR >90, 40 cases had GFR 60-90. And 31 cases had GFR 50 years (80%).CKD was seen in 40% of hypertensive and 27.8% of diabetic subjects. Result of this study is comparable with the study of Timothy HM et al who has also shown that 20.4% of his subjects had CKD, and higher prevalence among hypertensive than diabetic (69% and 30% respectively).The mean BMI of subjects having CKD is 23.8 ± 3.159 and mean BMI of subjects not having CKD is 25.1± 4.353. This observation shows that patients with CKD are having high normal BMI.CKD is a recognized risk factor of ESRD and cardiovascular death, which is a leading cause of death in developing countries. An increase in BMI is a significant factor independently associated with CKD. In the present study, the differences in BMI are relatively small and have an insignificant P value between those with and without CKD. An interventional approach is necessary to prevent development of CKD at every level, especially in high risk groups to prevent CKD and development of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD).