Abstract
We describe a simple, non-invasive assay to identify fucosylated-glycoisoform of integrin alpha-3 (ITGA3) directly from unprocessed urine. ITGA3 was detected directly from the urine of bladder cancer (BlCa) (n = 13) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (n = 9) patients with the use of lectins coated on europium-doped-nanoparticles (Eu3+-NPs). Lectin Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA) showed enhanced binding with BlCa-derived ITGA3. The evaluation with individual samples showed that a glycovariant ITGA3-UEA assay could significantly discriminate BlCa from BPH patients (p = 0.007). The detection of aberrantly fucosylated-isoform of ITGA3 from urine can be used to distinguish BlCa from age-matched benign controls in a simple sandwich assay.
Highlights
Bladder cancer (BlCa) is the second most occurring urological ma lignancy after prostate cancer
We report the detection of integrin alpha-3 (ITGA3) glycoisoform with the use of Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA) conju gated on nanoparticles
To explore if particular glycosylations of ITGA3 differ between the two patient groups, we used a time-resolved-fluorometry sandwich bioaffinity-assay with 9 different lectins (UEA, aurantia lectin (AAL), SBA, SNA, GSL-1, DC-SIGN, WGA, BPL, and DSL) coated on Eu3+-doped nanoparticles
Summary
Bladder cancer (BlCa) is the second most occurring urological ma lignancy after prostate cancer. Even though cystoscopy and cytology are considered as the golden standard investigation, these tests have limitations in either sensitivity or specificity [2,3]. Numerous commercially available FDA-approved biomarkers and kits for the detection of BlCa have been developed. These include assays based on the detection of bladder tumor antigen (BTA) and nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22). Unfortu nately, none of them have been accepted for the diagnosis or follow-up of BlCa in routine practice due to the limited sensitivities or specificities [4]. There is an urgent need for the development of a non-invasive, sensitive, and specific diagnostic tool that could be used for the detec tion and follow-up of bladder cancer
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