Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop sensitive, selective, and valid methods for the detection of bisphenol A (BPA) contamination inbeverage samples using gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization.Methods: The optimized analysis system employed a long HP-1 capillary column (30 m, inner diameter 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm), gradientcolumn temperature (150°C–260°C at 10°C/min), and nitrogen as a carrier gas (1 mL/min). Samples were prepared for analysis using ethyl acetateas the extraction solvent.Results: This method yielded a linearity coefficient of 0.9998, while the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.287 μg/mL and0.956 μg/mL, respectively. All validation parameters, including linearity, selectivity, accuracy, precision, LOD, and LOQ, meet recognized acceptabilitycriteria. Contamination analysis showed that one of the three beverage brands tested contained 2.4090 μg/mL BPA, and contamination was evenhigher after heating.Conclusion: BPA contamination may occur in canned beverages, especially under improper storage conditions. This GC-based BPA detection systemmay be useful for the detection of BPA contamination in consumer beverages.
Highlights
Bisphenol A (BPA) has been used by polymer industries since 1950 for the production of polycarbonate plastic polymers and epoxy resins
Analysis method validation using KCKT Calibration curve construction and linearity testing A calibration curve was constructed under these optimized conditions using standard BPA concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 15 ppm (Table 5)
These results suggest that BPA contamination of canned beverages is possible and is exacerbated by improper storage, underscoring the importance of this optimized GCbased detection method
Summary
Bisphenol A (BPA) has been used by polymer industries since 1950 for the production of polycarbonate plastic polymers and epoxy resins. Products containing BPA include infant milk bottles, food and drink containers, thermal papers, compact discs, tape, water pipe, vehicle spare parts, and coatings on metal cans. The widespread use of BPA leads to frequent human exposure through room air, dust, ingestion through food and beverages inside containers, and the water supply [1]. There is a growing concern that this BPA exposure may cause health problems. BPA has been linked to miscarriage, premature birth, obesity (and associated diseases), immune dysfunction, and disruption of neural and hormonal signaling. Several studies have reported that BPA compounds can be released from containers containing polycarbonate or epoxy resins under certain conditions, thereby contaminating food and beverages [2]. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has set 5 μg/kg as the maximum tolerable limit of consumed BPA (EFSA, 2014), a substantial decrease from the previous limit of 50 μg/kg BW [3], in response to studies demonstrating the risks from consuming BPA
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