Abstract
Bacterial wilt disease on banana is an important disease in Lumajang District and causes severe yield loss. Utilizing bacteriophage as natural enemy of pathogenic bacteria has been widely known as one of the control strategies. This research was aimed at determining the causing agent of bacterial wilt on banana isolated from Lumajang area, to obtain wide-host range bacteriophages against bacterial wilt pathogen and to know the basic characteristic of bacteriophages, particularly its nucleic acid type. Causative agent of bacterial wilt was isolated from symptomatic banana trees from seven districts in Lumajang area on determinative CPG plates followed by rapid detection by PCR technique using specific pair-primer. Bacteriophages were also isolated from soil of infected banana crop in Sukodono District. Morphological observation showed that all bacterial isolates have similar characteristic as common bacterial wilt pathogen,Ralstonia solanacearum. In addition, detection of FliC region in all isolates confirmed that all isolates wereR. solanacearumaccording to the presence of 400 bp of FliC DNA fragment. Moreover, two bacteriophages were obtained from this experiment (ϕRSSKD1 andϕRSSKD2), which were able to infect all nineR. solanacearumisolates. Nucleic acid analysis showed that the nucleic acid of bacteriophages was DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Highlights
The most popular crop cultivated in East Java, Indonesia, is banana tree due to existence of about 33 of banana germplasm in this area [1]
Another bacterial wilt on banana has been identified as banana Xanthomonas wilt disease caused by Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum with similar morphological symptom as shown in bacterial wilt disease caused by R. solanacearum [7]
To confirm the causative pathogen of this disease, we isolated the agent using determination medium (CPG) containing 0.01% of triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TZC)
Summary
The most popular crop cultivated in East Java, Indonesia, is banana tree due to existence of about 33 of banana germplasm in this area [1]. The production of banana increases annually and is affected by environmental factors such as plant disease [2]. Bacterial wilt disease, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is one of the most important pathogens on banana plantation [3]. Nasir et al [4] described that bacterial wilt on infected banana, caused by R. solanacearum, showed unique symptoms as yellowing on affected leaf, appearance of bacterial ooze, and rotting on infected-plant parts. Elphinstone [6] reported that this bacterium causes yield loss about 80 to 100% in diseased banana crop. Another bacterial wilt on banana has been identified as banana Xanthomonas wilt disease caused by Xanthomonas vasicola pv. Musacearum with similar morphological symptom as shown in bacterial wilt disease caused by R. solanacearum [7] Another bacterial wilt on banana has been identified as banana Xanthomonas wilt disease caused by Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum with similar morphological symptom as shown in bacterial wilt disease caused by R. solanacearum [7]
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