Abstract
In marine transportation, many ships are equipped with AIS devices. The AIS data sent by AIS devices can help the maritime authorities and other ships obtain the navigation condition of the ship, thereby ensuring the safety of ships during navigation. However, when a ship is involved in illegal activities, the crew may close the AIS device or tamper with Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) in the AIS data. To detect these two kinds of behaviors, this paper designs the AIS closing detection algorithm and MMSI spoofing detection algorithm based on the spatiotemporal data provided by AIS and radar. As the radar data does not include the ship’s identification, the associated relationship between radar data and AIS data is difficult to determine in the multi-ship scenario. To solve this problem, the D-TRAP is defined in this paper, it is applied in the process of searching for the associated AIS points of radar trajectory points, when the number of effective AIS points is reduced caused by the above two behaviors, the association method used in the paper has better performance. In addition, real data and simulation data are used to verify the two algorithms. The verification results show that when the ship is simultaneously monitored by radar and AIS, and the monitoring process continues for a period of time, the AIS closing detection algorithm has good performance. When the ship is monitored by AIS and radar before and after MMSI spoofing, and both monitoring processes continue for a period of time, the MMSI spoofing algorithm has good performance.
Highlights
Nowadays, marine transportation plays an important role in international trade
Through the analysis of Automatic Identification System (AIS) closing behavior and Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) spoofing behavior, we find that it is difficult to detect the above two behaviors only by using AIS data; this problem can be solved by comparing radar trajectory with the associated AIS trajectory
The primary associated AIS trajectory is truncated according to different ratios, and the trajectory ID in the second half is changed to a new trajectory ID, that is, the MMSI spoofing behavior of the ship at different times is simulated
Summary
Many ships are equipped with Automatic Identification System (AIS), which can continuously send the dynamic and static information of the ships This information mainly includes Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) number, type, position, speed over ground, and course over ground of the ship [1]. In addition to normal activities, some ships may participate in illegal activities, such as smuggling, pollution, piracy, and unauthorized fishing in protected areas [2]. These ships may pose a threat to maritime traffic safety and national sovereignty. The authors of [9] proposed a multi-class hierarchy framework to detect anomalous trajectories. There is no uniform standard for the definition of the abnormal trajectory, which limits the scope of application of related researches
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