Detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in individual maize kernels using short wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging

Abstract

Short wave infrared hyperspectral imaging (SWIR) (1000–2500 nm) was used to detect aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in single maize kernels. One hundred and twenty kernels of four varieties artificially inoculated with a toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus in the field were examined. Normalisation and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied on average spectra of each kernel to reduce dimensionality and noise. Combining with support vector machine (SVM) classification methods, the first five principal components (PCs) were used to qualitatively classify the AFB1 contamination levels (