Abstract
In this work we present the preparation of graphene material by exfoliation of graphite rods via pulses of current in electrolyte, containing a mixture of boric acid (0.05 M) and sodium chloride (0.05 M). The material was morphologically and structurally characterized by SEM/TEM/HR-TEM, XRD and FTIR techniques. TEM investigation of graphene flakes deposited onto carbon-coated grids allowed the visualization of thin and transparent regions, attributed to few-layer graphene (FLG), as well as thick and dark regions attributed to multi-layer graphene (MLG). The mixed composition of the material was additionally confirmed by XRD, which further indicated that the amount of FLG within the sample was around 83%, while MLG was around 17%. The performance of a screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with graphene (SPE-Gr) was tested for 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine detection. The graphene-modified electrode had a higher sensitivity in comparison with that of SPE, both in standard laboratory solutions (phosphate buffered saline—PBS) and in human saliva.
Highlights
IntroductionIn this work we present the preparation of graphene material by exfoliation of graphite rods via pulses of current in electrolyte, containing a mixture of boric acid (0.05 M) and sodium chloride (0.05 M)
The morphological characteristics of the graphene sample were investigated by SEM/TEM/HR-TEM
Is transparent generally formed dueattributed to strong π–πfew-layer stacking interactions between graphene flakes formed by thin and transparent regions, attributed to few-layer graphene (FLG) and dark regions attributed to multi-layer graphene (MLG)
Summary
In this work we present the preparation of graphene material by exfoliation of graphite rods via pulses of current in electrolyte, containing a mixture of boric acid (0.05 M) and sodium chloride (0.05 M). Sensors 2019, 19, 4297 electrochemical methods are more convenient, easy to operate and cost-effective. Amongst the new ways of graphene preparation [18], graphite exfoliation by electrochemical methods [19] has drawn increasing attention in recent years. Compared with the conventional synthesis methods, the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite has the advantage of lower cost, shorter reaction time, easy operation, and being more suited to mass production of graphene [20]. The exfoliation takes place at room temperature in mild electrolytes, without strong oxidants and heat-oxidation effects, and is considered an environmentally friendly method for the graphene synthesis.
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