Detection, identification, and quantitative determination of minor phases in solid multielement multiphase compounds and materials

Abstract

The theoretical and experimental aspects that are connected with the use of the differential dissolution method (DD) for the identification and quantitative determination in complex matrices of the minor phases that occur in form of unintentional impurities, side products in the synthesis, or purposefully introduced additives whose concentration is from n × 10−3 to several percent were considered. The types of spatial distribution of the minor phases within the volume and surface of the matrices were classified. Mathematical simulation of DD processes for the systems with complex matrices was carried out. The conception of the selectivity and efficiency of the separation of minor and matrix phases was given. The factors that need to be considered during the analysis of the mixtures of crystalline and/or amorphous phases of constant and variable composition were classified. The concentration processes of the minor phases based on the selective and/or differential dissolution of the matrix phases of the compounds under investigation were studied. Examples of using DD method for the determination of the minor phases in catalysts, carriers, sorbents, various functional materials, archaeological finds, and other objects were given.