Abstract
In this paper, to detect non-technical loss (NTL) of meter manipulating/malfunctioning and bypassing at the same time, we propose the intermediate monitor meter (IMM)-based power distribution network model with the concept of unit networks (UNs) dividing the network into smallest and independent networks to analyze the power flow in detail and effectively detect the NTL. We then propose an NTL detection algorithm to solve linear system of equations (LSE) constructed by energy balance analysis with IMMs and the collector, and describe the hardware architecture of IMMs. Simulation results show that the proposed NTL detection algorithm successively detects the honesty of energy consumers as well as the energy loss from bypassing. Furthermore, it is observed the proposed detection framework is time-efficient and detection accuracy is at least 95% when variability of meter reading value is 80%.
Highlights
Non-technical loss (NTL) in smart grids, defined as energy that is distributed but not billed mostly due to energy theft has become a major enduring challenge in power delivery industry worldwide [1]
We approach through the following steps as the contributions of this paper: Step 1: We propose a novel power grid model employing the concept of unit networks (UNs) centering on intermediate monitor meter (IMM) to detect the loss from bypassing(hooking/tapping) as well as meter tampering/malfunctioning and improve detection efficiency and accuracy
Step 3: We propose iterative IMM-based NTL detection (IND) algorithm to solve the linear system of equations (LSE) constructed in Step 2, and confirm the proposed algorithm is time-efficient
Summary
Non-technical loss (NTL) in smart grids, defined as energy that is distributed but not billed mostly due to energy theft (e.g. bypassing and meter tampering,2) has become a major enduring challenge in power delivery industry worldwide [1]. To the best knowledge of the authors, the proposed NTL attack model that simultaneously considers illegal bypassing, meter tampering and defective SMs based on the IMMs in smart grids is first studied. TL where cti denotes the total energy supplied by the utility companies to all consumers (i.e., K of them) in the NAN, αti is reduced meter reading due to energy thefts by meter tampering or meter manipulating, βti denotes the amount of loss from faulty meters in the power grid, γti denotes an amount of energy stolen by illegal bypassing (wired tapping or hooking) on power lines, and δti represents the technical losses (TLs) mainly due to power dissipation. NTL DETECTION ON IMM-BASED NETWORK In this paper, we assume that illegal bypassing as well as malicious meter tampering occurs in order to reflect the energy theft that is occurring in real power grids. To be cost-effective NTL detection network, the IMM is only installed to branching electricity poles (not relay pole) which is holding two or more power overhead lines as its branches in order to minimize installation and management costs of the IMM
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