Abstract
BackgroundCirculating endothelial cells (CECs) are markers of vascular damage that have clinical relevance in many diseases, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and may be predictors of treatment responses. Herein, we investigated the diagnostic and prognostic value of CEC monitoring in AMI patients and a murine model.Methodology/Principal FindingsCECs were defined as Hoechst 33342+/CD45−/CD31+/CD146+/CD133− in human blood samples and Hoechst 33342+/CD45−/CD31+/KDR+/CD117− in murine samples. To evaluate the validity and variability of our CEC detection system, peripheral blood samples of vascular endothelial growth factor-treated athymic nude mice and AMI patients were collected and subjected to intra-assay analysis. CEC detection by flow cytometry and real-time PCR were compared. Blood samples were obtained from 61 AMI patients, 45 healthy volunteers and 19 samples of the original AMI patients accepted one month treatment, via flow cytometry and expressed as a percentage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.ResultsOur CEC detection method was validated and had limited variability. CEC concentrations were higher in AMI patients compared to healthy controls. One month post-treatment, CECs levels decreased significantly.Conclusions/SignificanceCEC levels may be useful as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in AMI patients.
Highlights
Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) are noninvasive markers of vascular damage, remodeling, and dysfunction [1], and considerable efforts have been directed at targeting the vascular components of malignant diseases
CEC concentrations were higher in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients compared to healthy controls
CECs are present at very low levels in healthy subjects, whereas elevated levels have been reported in response to various pathological conditions, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), coronary heart disease, infectious diseases, immunologic disorders, and cancers. [4,5,6] CECs can be used as a biomarker of these diseases, as they can potentially predict early responses to a course of treatment likely to benefit patients [7,8]
Summary
Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) are noninvasive markers of vascular damage, remodeling, and dysfunction [1], and considerable efforts have been directed at targeting the vascular components of malignant diseases. CECs are present at very low levels in healthy subjects, whereas elevated levels have been reported in response to various pathological conditions, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), coronary heart disease, infectious diseases, immunologic disorders, and cancers. [4,5,6] CECs can be used as a biomarker of these diseases, as they can potentially predict early responses to a course of treatment likely to benefit patients [7,8]. Many CEC antigens have been monitored by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies, but there are no antibodies specific to antigens that can discriminate CECs from peripheral blood cells. Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) are markers of vascular damage that have clinical relevance in many diseases, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and may be predictors of treatment responses. We investigated the diagnostic and prognostic value of CEC monitoring in AMI patients and a murine model
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