Abstract
Untreated Hospital wastewater piped into septic tanks contributes to the spread of antibiotic resistance in developing countries. This study was conducted to determine the resistant profile, and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) production in isolates from hospital waste water, of 2 hospitals in Delta State, Nigeria. A total of 147 organisms were isolated from 32 waste water samples. One hundred and twenty three isolates were Gram negative and 24 were Gram positive. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent in the two locations. Antimicrobial susceptibility by standard disk diffusion method was performed. All isolates were resistant to 4 or more antimicrobial agents. Out of the 123 Gram negative Bacteria, 33 were pan drug resistant and were selected for plasmid curing, DNA extraction and phenotypic detection of ESBL. Transfer of resistant by broth mating technique was performed. Plasmid curing and extraction result indicated that isolates carried resistance on the plasmid and harboured similar multiple high molecular weight plasmids of 23.13 kb and 9.4 kb. ESBL production was detected in 15.15%. Transfer of resistant genes between ESBL producing and non-ESBL producing isolates was observed. Incidence of ESBL in untreated hospital waste water has public health implications. Therefore establishment of treatment plants in our hospital is paramount in achieving sustainable health.
Highlights
Hospital effluents from operation theatres, laboratories and infected patients contribute significantly to the pol-How to cite this paper: Egbule, O.S. (2016) Detection and Transfer of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Enzymes from Untreated Hospital Waste Water
This is of major risk to public health as these septic tanks are liable to leakage, collapse and there are clear possibilities for microorganisms to sip into ground water
Waste water in the hospitals sampled are usually not treated before they are piped into septic tanks
Summary
Hospital effluents from operation theatres, laboratories and infected patients contribute significantly to the pol-. Most antibiotics administered to patients are partially metabolized, as such are found in varying concentrations in hospital wastes water. Hospitals do not have sewage treatment plants treating effluents. The effluents are piped into septic tanks without pre-treatment This is of major risk to public health as these septic tanks are liable to leakage, collapse and there are clear possibilities for microorganisms to sip into ground water. The development of resistance by persistent exposure of bacteria to such sub-therapeutic antimicrobial concentration favors transfer. It is paramount that in the establishment of sewage treatment plants, in developing countries yet to establish municipal sewers, hospital sewage should undergo a pretreatment. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of resistant pathogens in effluents and to stress the need for sewage treatment plants
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