Abstract
Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is one among many viruses that infect sugarcane, cause yield loss, and become serious disease agents on sugarcane plantations. Since the morphological symptoms of SCMV are similar to other symptoms caused by Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV) or nitrogen deficiency, the detection of SCMV is important through accurate diagnostic-like ELISA or RT-PCR. This research aimed to study the causative mosaic pathogen of SCMV in East Java, Indonesia, including mosaic development. The results showed that the mosaic symptom is present in all sugarcane plantations with 78% and 65% disease incidence and severity, respectively. Moreover, the detection procedure based on an amplification of cDNA of the coat protein gene sequence confirmed that SCMV was the causative agent of mosaic disease on sugarcane. Re-inoculation of healthy sugarcane plants with plant sap from a symptomatic leaf from the field showed similar mosaic or yellowish chlorotic areas on the leaf blade, and appeared on the fourth leaves upward from the inoculation leaf, in addition to showing different levels of peroxidase but not total phenol. Mosaic also correlated with the amount of total chlorophyll. Although Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) protein accumulation and activity were at a lower level in infected leaves, sucrose accumulation was at a higher level in the same leaves.
Highlights
Sugarcane or Saccharum spp., family Poaceae, is a widely cultivated crop that provides sugar across the globe
We studied five sugarcane cultivars from three different regions of sugarcane farm in East Java, Indonesia, including NXI 1T, VMC 7616, COKRO, PS 881, and PS 864
One virus, which was successfully amplified while using Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) primer and not Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV) primer (Figure 1d)
Summary
Sugarcane or Saccharum spp., family Poaceae, is a widely cultivated crop that provides sugar across the globe. In Indonesia, sugarcane is widely cultivated on Java Island, in East Java, and is the highest contributor to the national sugar production. During cultivation, this production is unstable due to several problems, including mosaic disease. Putra et al [1] reported that sugarcane loss due to mosaic disease is about 20% with 50% of incidence. Mosaic disease in the affected sugarcane shows yellowing and chlorosis on leaves, resulting in yield loss for both crop yield and sugar production [3]
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