Detection and Quantification of CO &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Seepage in Seawater Using the Stoichiometric Cseep Method: Results from a Recent Subsea CO &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Release Experiment in the North Sea

Mario Esposito,Allison Schaap,Socratis Loucaides,Guttorm Alendal,Maribel I García-Ibáñeza,Emil Jeansson,Abdirahman M Omar,Helmuth Thomas,Anna Oleynik

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3821713

Abstract

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a potential significant mitigation strategy to combat climate change and ocean acidification in climate change scenarios e.g.,. Three out of four 1.5°C- consistent emission pathways published by the IPCC include CCS as well as bioenergy CCS (BECCS) as mitigation options. However, the scale of current CCS implementation is insufficient to affect the global climate, and thousands of large-scale CCS facilities need to be deployed by 2040 to meet mitigation targets. Moreover, the technology is in early stage of research, development, and demonstration e.g., and involves uncertainties and risks e.g.,. Currently, there are encouraging signals that CCS development and deployment are gaining momentum, and demonstration projects and experimental work are providing needed data for more thorough risk assessment.

Highlights

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a potential significant mitiga tion strategy to combat climate change and ocean acidification in climate change scenarios (e.g., van Vuuren et al, 2011; IPCC, 2013; Fuss et al, 2014)
We used the historical data to estimate the total error introduced into CO2 seepage (Cseep) (ECseep) by the above uncertainties and due to the observed station-to-station differences in Cb (Fig. 5C)
We successfully demonstrated the ability of the Cseep method to (i) adequately predict natural C variations around the Goldeneye site, over seasonal to interannual time scales; (ii) establish a process-based baseline concentration (Cb) with minimal variability; (iii) determine CO2 seepage detection threshold and reliably differentiate released− CO2 from natural variability; and (iv) quantify released− CO2 dissolved in the sampled seawater (Cseep) with concentrations above a pre-defined threshold

Summary

Introduction

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a potential significant mitiga tion strategy to combat climate change and ocean acidification in climate change scenarios (e.g., van Vuuren et al, 2011; IPCC, 2013; Fuss et al, 2014). Before subsea CO2 storage can be carried out at industrial scales, po tential ecological consequences and adverse environmental impacts of any unintended CO2 seepages need to be identified. Monitoring and verification is required at storage sites by national and international regulations (e.g., U.S EPA, 2010; European Commission, 2011; Dixon and Romanak, 2015), and reliable monitoring strategies for detection and quantification of seepage need to be developed

Results

Discussion

Conclusion