Detection and quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredients as adulterants in Garcinia cambogia slimming preparations using NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics

Dina Selim,Rasha Abu El-Khair,Eman Shawky

doi:10.21608/rpbs.2020.23522.1052

Abstract

A rapid, simple and efficient method with minimal sample treatment was developed for authentication of Garcinia cambogia fruit peel powder, along with determining undeclared active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in its herbal slimming dietary supplements using near infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. Five featured adulterants, including sibutramine, metformin, orlistat, ephedrine, and theophylline are selected as target compounds. The Near infrared spectral data matrix of authentic Garcinia cambogia fruit peel and specimens degraded by intentional contamination with the five selected APIs was subjected to hierarchical clustering analysis to investigate their bundling figure. SIMCA models were established to ensure the genuiness of Garcinia cambogia fruit peel which resulted in perfect classification of all tested specimens. Adulterated samples were utilized for construction of PLSR models based on different APIs contents at minute levels of fraud practices (LOQ < 0.2% w/w).The suggested approach can be applied to enhance and guarantee the safety and quality of Garcinia fruit peel powder as raw material and in dietary supplements.

Highlights

Obesity is among the major problems that might influence health and quality of life of many people
The present study aims at developing a rapid and simple method with minimal sample treatment for the authentication and quality control of Garcinia cambogia L. fruit peel powder, together with determining undeclared active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in its herbal supplements using NIR spectroscopy with
Mixtures model were established by adding the individual active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs); sibutramine, metformin, orlistat, ephedrine and theophylline to each of the individual fifteen Garcinia cambogia fruit peel powder samples at ratios of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10% by weight for a sum of 375 samples added to the 15 unadulterated samples for a sum of 390 samples

Summary

Introduction

Obesity is among the major problems that might influence health and quality of life of many people. Due to its structural similarity with adrenaline and its strongly reported sympathomimetic activity, its usage has been considered by the FDA since mid1990s, and its sale has been banned in the USA since 2004 (Lesiak et al, 2016) Theophylline is another representative of synthetic adulterants commonly incorporated in herbal slimming preparations with serious side effects (Al Lawati et al, 2017). There have been few previous reports for the application of NIR for the detection of synthetic adulterants in herbal slimming preparations (da Silva et al, 2015), yet these studies are limited to specific drugs such as sibutramine, or not displaying the ability of models in detection of low levels of adulteration by other possible APIs. The present study aims at developing a rapid and simple method with minimal sample treatment for the authentication and quality control of Garcinia cambogia L. fruit peel powder, together with determining undeclared APIs in its herbal supplements using NIR spectroscopy with. There are no previous reports combining NIR fingerprints and chemometrics for authentication and quality control of Garcinia cambogia L. fruit peel in the literature as well as the inspection of possible APIs adulterants at low levels of adulteration not previously met

Plant material

Garcinia cambogia fruit peel adulteration

Results and Discussion

Class-Modeling for Authentication of Garcinia cambogia fruit peel

Conclusion