Abstract
The plasmodiophorid Polymyxa betae is considered as the only natural transmitting agent of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), the most devastating agent of sugar beet fields throughout the world. To evaluate for the first time the genetic diversity of P. betae isolated from different autumn and spring sugar beet fields, and also to detect the presence of virus in these isolates, susceptible sugar beet plants (cv. Regina) were grown in soil samples collected from 10 different regions of Iran. P. betae detection was carried out using root microscopic observations, DAS-ELISA, and PCR-based methods. Results showed the presence of plasmodiophorids in all soil samples. Complementary assays also revealed the presence of viruses in soil samples collected from Khorasan Razavi, Fars, Hamadan and Kermanshah regions. The genetic diversity was evaluated through comparing glutathione-S-transferase nucleotide sequences amplified by PCR with the Internal Transcribed Spacers region. Results showed no significant differences in nucleotide sequences between virus-bearing and virus-free isolates of P. betae.
Highlights
Rhizomania, which causes both abnormal rootlet proliferation and sugar yield loss, is the most destructive disease in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) growing areas in Europe, Asia, and America (McGrann et al, 2009)
The ELISA displayed significant differences in P. betae concentration and Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) based on optical density (OD) in different soil samples
Rhizomania is one of the most widespread sugar beet diseases which is caused by BNYVV and results in severe yield loss in the absence of effective control methods (Pavli et al, 2011)
Summary
Rhizomania, which causes both abnormal rootlet proliferation and sugar yield loss, is the most destructive disease in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) growing areas in Europe, Asia, and America (McGrann et al, 2009). The causal agent of the disease is Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and the natural vector of virus is Polymyxa betae Keskin (Fujisawa & Sugimoto, 1977). With no acceptable pesticides available to restrict the vector, the control of rhizomania is achieved almost exclusively through using resistant cultivars. Combined virus and vector resistance, achieved either by Abbreviations used: BNYVV (Beet necrotic yellow vein virus); ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay); GSH (thiol group of the glutathione); GST (glutathione-S-transferase); ITS (internal transcribed spacers); PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
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