Abstract
Canine coronavirus (CCoV) is widespread among the dog population and causes gastrointestinal disorders, and even fatal cases. As the zoonotic transmission of viruses from animals to humans has become a worldwide concern nowadays, it is necessary to screen free-roaming dogs for their common pathogens due to their frequent interaction with humans. We conducted a cross-sectional study to detect and characterize the known and novel Corona, Filo, Flavi, and Paramyxoviruses in free-roaming dogs in Bangladesh. Between 2009–10 and 2016–17, we collected swab samples from 69 dogs from four districts of Bangladesh, tested using RT-PCR and sequenced. None of the samples were positive for Filo, Flavi, and Paramyxoviruses. Only three samples (4.3%; 95% CI: 0.9–12.2) tested positive for Canine Coronavirus (CCoV). The CCoV strains identified were branched with strains of genotype CCoV-II with distinct distances. They are closely related to CCoVs from the UK, China, and other CoVs isolated from different species, which suggests genetic recombination and interspecies transmission of CCoVs. These findings indicate that CCoV is circulating in dogs of Bangladesh. Hence, we recommend future studies on epidemiology and genetic characterization with full-genome sequencing of emerging coronaviruses in companion animals in Bangladesh.
Highlights
Coronavirus (CoV) is an enveloped, non-segmented, single stranded RNA virus classified under the family Coronaviridae
The world has faced CoV outbreaks belonging to Betacoronavirus (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 etc.) [5,6]
The current SARS-CoV2 and previous SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV zoonotic coronaviruses that have recently transferred from animal to human populations all belong to the β-CoVs [4]
Summary
Coronavirus (CoV) is an enveloped, non-segmented, single stranded RNA virus classified under the family Coronaviridae This family hosts several human and animal CoVs which affect both respiratory and enteric systems. A study released on 20 May 2021 investigated samples collected between 2017 and 2018 from eight patients with pneumonia (seven of whom were children) in Malaysia and discovered a new coronavirus strain CCoV-HuPn-2018 [11]. Another sequence of CCoV strain Z19 (MZ420153) was found in a NCBI database which was detected in a Haitian human in 2017 [12]. If the association of CCoV with human disease is confirmed, it would become the eighth known coronavirus to cause human disease
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