Detection and localization of forgery using statistics of DCT and Fourier components

Abstract

In this paper, we present a comprehensive approach for investigating JPEG compressed test images, suspected of being tampered either by splicing or copy-move forgery (cmf). In JPEG compression, the image plane is divided into non-overlapping blocks of size 8 × 8 pixels. A unified approach based on block-processing of JPEG image is proposed to identify whether the image is authentic/forged and subsequently localize the tampered region in forged images. In the initial step, doubly stochastic model (dsm) of block-wise quantized discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients is exploited to segregate authentic and forged JPEG images from a standard dataset (CASIA). The scheme is capable of identifying both the types of forged images, spliced as well as copy-moved. Once the presence of tampering is detected, the next step is to localize the forged region according to the type of forgery. In case of spliced JPEG images, the tampered region is localized using block-wise correlation maps of dequantized DCT coefficients and its recompressed version at different quality factors. The scheme is able to identify the spliced region in images tampered by pasting uncompressed or JPEG image patch on a JPEG image or vice versa, with all possible combinations of quality factors. Alternatively, in the case of copy-move forgery, the duplication regions are identified using highly localized phase congruency features of each block. Experimental results are presented to consolidate the theoretical concept of the proposed technique and the performance is compared with the already existing state of art methods.