Abstract
Aim: Characterization of Infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDV) from the two outbreaks in Jos Nigeria, using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (RT-PCR/RFLP) technique. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 bursa samples were collected from two outbreaks in November 2011 from two farms of 6-8 weeks old pullets within Jos South Local Government Area, with mortality between 60 – 74.2 % in commercially reared layer chicken flocks experiencing signs typical of infectious bursal disease (IBD). All the samples were found to contain IBDV genome by One Step RT-PCR using VP2 gene specific primers. Result: The assay amplified a 743bp fragment from 701-1444 nucleotides. RT-PCR product was further subjected to restriction digestion using TaqI, MvaI and SacI Restriction enzymes to differentiate classical from very virulent phenotypes. The RFLP profile was found similar for all eight isolates with TaqI and MvaI enzyme but different for SacI. All eight TaqI positive Viruses were further found positive for MvaI digestion and yielded RFLP profile similar to vvIBDV in Europe whereas one isolate was SacI positive and had a RFLP profile similar to classic IBDV strains. Conclusion: The clinical history of high mortality and TaqI and MvaI restriction enzyme positivity revealed that vvIBDV strains still exist in Jos, North central Nigeria.
Highlights
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) or Gumboro is an acute and highly contagious disease of immature chickens
The clinical history of high mortality and TaqI and MvaI restriction enzyme positivity revealed that vvIBDV strains still exist in Jos, North central Nigeria
Case history: The samples were collected from carcasses submitted to the Central Diagnostics Laboratory (CDL) of the National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom between November and December, 2011
Summary
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) or Gumboro is an acute and highly contagious disease of immature chickens. Chickens of age 3 to 6 weeks are most susceptible to clinical infection. The causative agent is Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) with primary affinity for actively mitotic B-lymphocytes within the bursa of fabricius where it multiplies. Viral activity leads to immune-suppression [1, 2] thereby making chickens susceptible to other diseases and subsequently drops in egg production and quality [3]. Infectious bursal disease virus belongs to the genus Avibirnavirus and family Birnaviridae divided into two serotypes (1 and 2). Serotype 1 is further subdivided into six (6) subtypes that ranges from apathogenic to very virulent strains for chickens while serotype 2 have been reported to be non-pathogenic [4, 5]
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