Abstract
Rice-infecting viruses have caused serious damage to rice production in Asian, American, and African countries, where about 30 rice viruses and diseases have been reported. To control these diseases, developing accurate, quick methods to detect and diagnose the viruses in the host plants and any insect vectors of the viruses is very important. Based on an antigen–antibody reaction, serological methods such as latex agglutination reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay have advanced to detect viral particles or major proteins derived from viruses. They aid in forecasting disease and surveying disease spread and are widely used for virus detection at plant protection stations and research laboratories. From the early 2000s, based on sequence information for the target virus, several other methods such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification have been developed that are sensitive, rapid, and able to differentiate closely related viruses. Recent techniques such as real-time RT-PCR can be used to quantify the pathogen in target samples and monitor population dynamics of a virus, and metagenomic analyses using next-generation sequencing and microarrays show potential for use in the diagnosis of rice diseases.
Highlights
Rice, second only to corn in worldwide crop production, is produced in all Asian countries, in most of South and Central America, and in some of central and eastern Africa
We find that double antibody sandwich (DAS)-enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is easy to use for our routine diagnostic detection of RSV in insect vectors; monitoring the rate of viruliferous vector insects in early summer before rice planting season is very important to forecast rice stripe disease, an economically devastating disease, in the coming year
Advances in the technologies to detect and diagnose plant pathogens have culminated in a variety of options for researchers in laboratory and for growers
Summary
Second only to corn in worldwide crop production, is produced in all Asian countries, in most of South and Central America, and in some of central and eastern Africa. BASIC PROPERTIES OF RICE VIRUSES The major rice viruses in Asian areas are transmitted by sucking insect vectors Eight of these are transmitted by planthoppers or leafhoppers in a persistent manner (Hibino, 1996; Zhou et al, 2008): Rice stripe virus (RSV, a member of the genus Tenuivirus, negative sense ssRNA virus), Rice dwarf virus (RDV, member of Reoviridae, dsRNA virus), Rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV, a member of Reoviridae, dsRNA virus), Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV, a member of Reoviridae, dsRNA virus), Rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV, a member of the genus Tenuivirus, negative sense ssRNA virus), Rice transitory yellowing virus [RTYV, same species as Rice yellow stunt virus (RYSV), a member of Rhabdoviridae, positive sense ssRNA virus; Hiraguri et al, 2010], Rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV, a member of the Reoviridae, dsRNA virus) and Southern rice black streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV, may be a member of the Reoviridae, dsRNA virus).
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