Detection and avoidance of water loss through municipality taps in India by using smart taps and ICT

Abstract

Global climate change and the rapid population growth have been seriously impacting water sources. The existing traditional water distribution network (WDN) fails to manage proper water distribution according to the consumption rate. The current situation demands an intelligent water management and treatment model to keep water available in the long run. Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is a combination of the Internet of Things and information which introduces machine-to-machine communication with data for management. An ICT-based WDN which helps in monitoring excessive water supply and preventing water loss is proposed. The designed architecture is based on a heterogeneous wireless sensor network (WSN) and a smart tap which detects water loss and communicates the report to the utility centre. A fault-tolerant WSN routing scheme to handle the faulty situation during the transmission process is also proposed. The district of Sambalpur in Odisha, India is the chosen location for this study.