Abstract
Abstract Both flood magnitude and frequency might change under the changing environment. In this study, a procedure combining statistical methods, flood frequency analysis and attribution analysis was proposed to investigate the response of floods to urbanization and precipitation change in the Qinhuai River Basin, an urbanized basin located in Southeast China, over the period from 1986 to 2013. The Mann–Kendall test was employed to detect the gradual trend of the annual maximum streamflow and the peaks over threshold series. The frequency analysis was applied to estimate the changes in the magnitude and frequency of floods between the baseline period (1986–2001) and urbanization period (2002–2013). An attribution analysis was proposed to separate the effects of precipitation change and urbanization on flood sizes between the two periods. Results showed that: (1) there are significant increasing trends in medium and small flood series according to the Mann–Kendall test; (2) the mean and threshold values of flood series in the urbanization period were larger than those in the baseline period, while the standard deviation, coefficient of variation and coefficient of skewness of flood series were both higher during the baseline period than those during the urbanization period; (3) the flood magnitude was higher during the urbanization period than that during the baseline period at the same return period. The relative changes in magnitude were larger for small floods than for big floods from the baseline period to the urbanization period; (4) the contributions of urbanization on floods appeared to amplify with the decreasing return period, while the effects of precipitation diminish. The procedure presented in this study could be useful to detect the changes of floods in the changing environment and conduct the attribution analysis of flood series. The findings of this study are beneficial to further understanding interactions between flood behavior and the drivers, thereby improving flood management in urbanized basins.
Highlights
It was found that the results of the F-test are insignificant, which indicated that the variance of each of the flood series in two periods is homogeneous
This study presented a procedure combining statistical methods, flood frequency analysis and attribution analysis to examine the response of floods to urbanization and precipitation change in the Qinhuai River Basin, an urbanized basin located in southeast China, over the period from 1986 to 2013
We analyzed annual maximum streamflow (AMS), POT1, POT2 and POT3 series, where the three latter series were created by selecting independent peaks over three different thresholds resulting in [1, 2] and 3, flood events per year, respectively
Summary
Flood disaster is one of the most serious natural hazards, as floods often result in serious property damage and casualties. Extreme rainfall events have occurred frequently due to climate change, and the occurrence of flood disasters and the extent of flood-induced damage has an increasing trend (He et al ; Ledingham et al ). The damage caused by floods in China in 2017 were estimated as US $31 billion (China Floods and Droughts Disasters Bullet in 2017)
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