Detecting Undernutrition on Hospital Admission - Screening Tool Versus WHO Criteria

Zrinka Matak

doi:10.11648/j.cmr.20170603.13

Abstract

To prevent the development of malnutrition in hospitalized children, it is important to develope an early identification of nutritional depletion, ideally at the time of admission to the hospital. In 2009 Hulst et al. proposed new guidelines for assessing the nutritional status of hospitalized children called STRONGkids questionnaire (Screening Tool Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth). This study was designed to describe the current prevalence of malnutrition on admission to a pediatric gastroenterology hospital unit and to compare the value and feasibility of STRONGkids scoring system versus anthropometric World Health Organization (WHO) criteria in identifying children at risk of developing malnutrition during hospital stay. The prospective observational study involved 124 children hospitalized at the Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Center Zagreb. Nutritional status and risk for malnutrition were estimated by STRONGkids questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of subjects. Statistical analysis was performed using the computer program STATISTICS 10, StatSoft. Inc. 1984-2011; using descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact (FE) test and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test. Total malnutrition was observed in 18.5% of patients. Larger number of children at risk for malnutrition were identified by STRONGkids questionnaire than by anthropometric measurements (STRONGkids questionnaire: 75.8%; anthropometric measures: 40.3%). Patients that lost weight during hospitalization (33.1%) were further analyzed: 8/41 were not detected to be at risk by either method, 11/41 were identified by STRONGkids and anthropometry, and 22/41 were detected only by STRONGkids (Fisher's exact test p=0,08). This study justifies the inclusion of the STRONGkids questionnaire in the initial evaluation of children on admission to the hospital, in order to recognize those who need special nutritional support and thus prevent the development of malnutrition during hospitalization.

Highlights

Malnutrition is as a state of nutrition in which deficiency, excess or imbalance of energy, protein, and other nutrients causes measurable adverse effects on the body and upon growth that may increase morbidity or mortality [1]
The aim of this study is to describe the current prevalence of malnutrition on admission to a pediatric gastroenterology hospital unit and compare the value and feasibility of STRONGkids scoring system versus anthropometric World Health
Our study demonstrated that STRONGkids screening tool is easy to use and convenient, it gives reliable information on nutritional status and is superior to the classical criteria of World Health Organization (WHO) in identifying hospitalized children at nutritional risk

Summary

Introduction

Malnutrition is as a state of nutrition in which deficiency, excess or imbalance of energy, protein, and other nutrients causes measurable adverse effects on the body and upon growth that may increase morbidity or mortality [1]. Zrinka Matak et al.: Detecting Undernutrition on Hospital Admission - Screening Tool Versus WHO Criteria morbidity-mortality, prolonged hospital stay and healthcare costs, in order to prevent malnutrition and especially hospital-acquired malnutrition, nutritional screening measures must be placed as a first step in an integrated nutritional care plan for patients during hospitalization. Due to the lack of a simple and valid nutritional screening tool routine nutritional screening is rarely carried out in pediatric patients. In 2009 Hulst et al designed new guidelines for assessing the nutritional status of hospitalized children called STRONGkids questionnaire (Screening Tool Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth) [6].

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