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Abstract
The occurrence of overshooting cloud tops can cause extremely severe weather such as strong winds and heavy rainfalls. The traditional overshooting cloud top (OT) detection methods not only need to choose a reasonable threshold, it is also very hard to make full advantage of the multispectral information of cloud images. These make small-scale OT detection very difficult with poor accuracy of OT boundary determination. In order to utilize the multispectral information of Himawari-8 satellite cloud images, in this article, we propose a method for detecting OT based on the dual channel multiscale deep network (DCMSDN). The brightness temperature of infrared window and the difference of brightness temperature between the infrared window and water vapor window are used as dual channel inputs, respectively. Then, DCMSDN introduces a multiscale prediction module to improve the accuracy of small target detection, which makes the network more suitable for the detection of the OT with small spatial scale. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method provides competitive performance with acceptable computational efficiency. Specifically, for the quantitative indicators of OTs detection, our approach achieves the accuracy of 89.36%, the precision of 95.63%, the recall of 88.90%, and the F1-measure of 91.61% for the test cloud images, which outperforms that of comparative methods.
Highlights
O VERSHOOTING cloud tops (OTs) are one of the atmospheric phenomena that often cause meteorological disasters
The literature [1] pointed out the premise of this technique for OT detection: 1) The atmospheric temperature profile warms with height in the lower stratosphere, 2) water vapor is forced into the lower stratosphere at levels above the physical cloud top by the overshooting storm updraft, 3) this water vapor emits at the warmer stratospheric temperature whereas emission in the infrared window channel originates from the colder physical cloud top, and 4) positive differences between the warmer water vapor brightness temperature (WV BT) and colder IRW BT can identify where overshooting is occurring
For all models, we initialized the weights with random values, set the batch size to 5, set learning rate to 0.0001 and trained 2000 epochs on 11G NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080Ti GPU, stochastic gradient descent (SGD) as optimizer
Summary
O VERSHOOTING cloud tops (OTs) are one of the atmospheric phenomena that often cause meteorological disasters. According to the Glossary of Meteorology of American Meteorological Society, an overshooting convective cloud top is defined as “a domelike protrusion above a cumulonimbus anvil, representing the intrusion of an updraft through its equilibrium. Date of publication December 14, 2020; date of current version January 13, 2021. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University. (Corresponding author: Wei Jin.)
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