Abstract
Non-typhoid salmonellosis is one of the most common causes of foodborne illness throughout the world. Serological methods for the diagnosis of Salmonella infections vary widely and the most commonly used test is limited by high running costs as well as low sensitivity and specificity. Fast and reliable immunoassays which detect subunit antigens for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi are commercially available but at present there is no international consensus on similar tests for non-typhoid salmonellosis. In contrast to the veterinary and food sectors, most immunoassays for non-typhoid human Salmonella diagnosis are developed in-house and used in-house for research or surveillance purposes, rather than for routine diagnostics. Considering the current burden of disease, the development of a validated and standardized, commercially available antibody assay for diagnosing non-typhoid human salmonellosis could be of great benefit for diagnostic and surveillance purposes throughout the world.
Highlights
Infections with Salmonella enterica are one of the most important sources of human gastroenteritis throughout the world
A distinction is made between typhoid and nontyphoid salmonellosis, where the former can produce a serious and potentially fatal systemic illness known as typhoid fever
The literature search undertaken in this study identified relatively few articles describing the use of ELISAs to detect non-typhoid Salmonella antibodies in human serum samples
Summary
Infections with Salmonella enterica are one of the most important sources of human gastroenteritis throughout the world. It is well known that the diagnostic value of the Widal test, specific, is limited by poor sensitivity, an inability to discriminate between different antibody classes and cross-reactivity with other Salmonella species (Sack & Sack, 1992). It is timeconsuming and expensive in practice. Salmonella Typhimurium; ETEC, enterotoxigenic E. coli; ReA, reactive arthritis
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