Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs)—major components of eukaryotic genomes—have the ability to change location within a genome. Because of their mobility, TEs are important for genome diversification and evolution. Here, a simple rapid method, using the consensus terminal inverted repeat sequences of PONG, miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE)-Tourist (M-t) and MITE-Stowaway (M-s) as target region amplification polymorphism (TE-TRAP) markers, was employed to investigate the mobility of TEs in a gamma-irradiated soybean mutant pool. Among the different TE-TRAP primer combinations, the average polymorphism level and polymorphism information content value were 57.98% and 0.14, respectively. Only the PONG sequence separated the mutant population into three major groups. The inter-mutant population variance, determined using the PONG marker (3.151 and 29%) was greater than that of the M-t (2.209 and 20%) and M-s (2.766 and 18%) markers, whereas the reverse was true for the intra-mutant population variations, with M-t and M-s values, being 15.151 (82%) and 8.895 (80%), respectively, compared with the PONG marker (7.646 and 71%). Thus, the MITE markers revealed more dynamic and active mobility levels than the PONG marker in gamma-ray irradiated soybean mutant lines. The TE-TRAP technique associated with sensitive MITEs is useful for investigating genetic diversity and TE mobilization, providing tools for mutant selection in soybean mutation breeding.
Highlights
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an agriculturally important leguminous crop worldwide
In the previous study by Kim et al 2020, seeds of eight soybean cultivars were irradiated and mutant populations were constructed through 12 generations to reach 208 genetically fixed mutant lines (201 mutant associated with their original cultivars)
Transposable elements (TEs)-TRAP was performed with 12 primer combinations, including three fixed forward primers (M-t, M-s and Pong) designed based on the terminal inverted repeat sequences (TIRs) sequences of TEs, in combination with arbitrary reserve primers Sa4, Sa12, Ga3 and Ga5, which were provided by a previous study from G.Li and C.Quiros et al 2001 [35] and Hu et al 2005 [36]
Summary
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an agriculturally important leguminous crop worldwide. Soybean seeds are rich in seed protein (average 40%) and oil (average 20%). This composition is valuable for a variety of human and animal consumption applications, such as feed, biodiesel, edible oils and other food products [1]. Soybean is used for important industrial purposes, including biofuel, hygienics and cosmetics. 98% of soybean meal is used as livestock and aquaculture feed because of its composition, including high quality protein, a low saturated fat level and no cholesterol [4]. Soybean supplies a remarkable level of additional nitrogen to the soil, allowing for diversified crop rotations and promoting the production of other crops [5]
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