Abstract
Cognitive impairment has a significantly negative impact on global healthcare and the community. Holding a person's cognition and mental retention among older adults is improbable with aging. Early detection of cognitive impairment will decline the most significant impact of extended disease to permanent mental damage. This paper aims to develop a machine learning model to detect and differentiate cognitive impairment categories like severe, moderate, mild, and normal by analyzing neurophysical and physical data. Keystroke and smartwatch have been used to extract individuals' neurophysical and physical data, respectively. An advanced ensemble learning algorithm named Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) is proposed to classify the cognitive severity level (absence, mild, moderate, and severe) based on the Standardised Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE) questionnaire scores. The statistical method “Pearson's correlation” and the wrapper feature selection technique have been used to analyze and select the best features. Then, we have conducted our proposed algorithm GBM on those features. And the result has shown an accuracy of more than 94%. This paper has added a new dimension to the state-of-the-art to predict cognitive impairment by implementing neurophysical data and physical data together.
Highlights
Cognitive impairment, known as neurocognitive disorders, is a loss of cognitive function
We have used the “10-fold-cross-validation” with a 5∗2 approach to validate our model. e model can detect four different cognitive impairment levels with 94.8% accuracy. is accuracy is higher than that in a previous study, which recorded an accuracy rate of 86% [58]; this study focused on predicting dementia and mild cognitive impairment
Machine Learning (ML) innovation holds noteworthy guarantees for changing how we determine and treat patients with neurocognitive disorders. ere exists an enormous assortment of potential highlights that in a mix can exhaustively describe the biopsychosocial determinants of an exceptional individual and empower a more customized comprehension of intellectual decay
Summary
Known as neurocognitive disorders, is a loss of cognitive function. It has destructive effects on people and the community as well. People with this condition have problems with perception, attention, and memory; these are essential things to build human cognition and psychiatric disorders (e.g., depression, insomnia, psychotic symptoms, etc.) [1–3] and even physical diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular diseases [4]. People with cognitive impairment experience a diminished quality of life [5]. Cognitive impairment can cause many psychological symptoms in patients [6]. A study has shown that about 30–40% of cases with cognitive impairment subsequently progress to dementia [8]. Detection of cognitive impairment status supports a sufferer by allowing them to plan for the future and early treatment [12–14]
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