Abstract
ObjectiveThis paper aims to identify periods of depression using geolocation movements recorded from mobile phones in a prospective community study of individuals with bipolar disorder (BD).MethodsAnonymized geographic location recordings from 22 BD participants and 14 healthy controls (HC) were collected over 3 months. Participants reported their depressive symptomatology using a weekly questionnaire (QIDS-SR16). Recorded location data were preprocessed by detecting and removing imprecise data points and features were extracted to assess the level and regularity of geographic movements of the participant. A subset of features were selected using a wrapper feature selection method and presented to 1) a linear regression model and a quadratic generalized linear model with a logistic link function for questionnaire score estimation; and 2) a quadratic discriminant analysis classifier for depression detection in BD participants based on their questionnaire responses.ResultsHC participants did not report depressive symptoms and their features showed similar distributions to nondepressed BD participants. Questionnaire score estimation using geolocation-derived features from BD participants demonstrated an optimal mean absolute error rate of 3.73, while depression detection demonstrated an optimal (median ± IQR) F1 score of 0.857 ± 0.022 using five features (classification accuracy: 0.849 ± 0.016; sensitivity: 0.839 ± 0.014; specificity: 0.872 ± 0.047).ConclusionThese results demonstrate a strong link between geographic movements and depression in bipolar disorder.SignificanceTo our knowledge, this is the first community study of passively recorded objective markers of depression in bipolar disorder of this scale. The techniques could help individuals monitor their depression and enable healthcare providers to detect those in need of care or treatment.
Highlights
Bipolar disorder is a common mental disorder estimated to affect 2–4% of the general population [1]–[4]
These results demonstrate a strong link between geographic movements and depression in bipolar disorder
The techniques could help individuals monitor their depression and enable healthcare providers to detect those in need of care or treatment
Summary
Bipolar disorder is a common mental disorder estimated to affect 2–4% of the general population [1]–[4]. Mood instability [6], [7] and subsyndromal symptoms persist in euthymia [8], [9], which have a significant impact on functional outcomes for patients [7]. Depressive episodes are both longer in duration [10] and more common [1] than manic episodes. Individuals with bipolar disorder can spend up to a third of their lives suffering with syndromal or subsyndromal depressive symptoms [8]. Bipolar depression is challenging to treat because of the absence of specific treatments [13] and the risk of precipitating a mixed or manic episode [14], [15]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
