Abstract
Polarization property characterization of the microwave (MW) field with high speed and resolution is vitally beneficial as the circularly-polarized MW field plays an important role in the development of quantum technologies and satellite communication technologies. In this work, we propose a scheme to detect the axial ratio of the MW field with optical diffraction limit resolution with a nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond. Firstly, the idea of polarization selective detection of the MW magnetic field is carried out using a single NV center implanted in a type-IIa CVD diamond with a confocal microscope system achieving a sensitivity of 1.7 T/. Then, high speed wide-field characterization of the MW magnetic field at the submillimeter scale is realized by combining wide-field microscopy and ensemble NV centers inherent in a general CVD diamond. The precision axial ratio can be detected by measuring the magnitudes of two counter-rotating circularly-polarized MW magnetic fields. The wide-field detection of the axial ratio and strength parameters of microwave fields enables high speed testing of small-scale microwave devices.
Highlights
Building and measuring circularly-polarized microwave (MW) fields are of great importance in many fields like magnetic resonance [1,2] and mobile satellite communications [3,4,5]
The detection of the MW magnetic field is firstly demonstrated with a single nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond
We proposed a new method that can detect the axial ratio of microwave fields with high resolution for wide-field and a short time scale
Summary
Building and measuring circularly-polarized microwave (MW) fields are of great importance in many fields like magnetic resonance [1,2] and mobile satellite communications [3,4,5]. Quantum sensing based on a point defect, the nitrogen vacancy (NV) center, in diamond has attracted wide attention for its long coherence time at room temperature [12]. It has already been deeply researched and applied to magnetic field, electric field, and temperature sensing [13,14,15]. The axial ratio detection is based on MW magnetic field strength detection of the two counter-rotating circularly-polarized components of an MW field. The MW axial ratio detection technique facilitates the test and design of MW devices aimed at quantum spin manipulation [19,20,21]
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