Detecting Associations Between Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Fractures of Different Localizations

Abstract

Introduction . Osteoporosis is a multifactorial metabolic disease that increases the risk of bone fracture because of reduced bone mineral density. The International Osteoporosis Foundation estimates that about 200 million people are affected by osteoporosis. Therefore, it is relevant to develop clinical and diagnostic methods that would make it possible to effectively predict fracture risks in different parts of the skeleton and, based on population studies, to accurately predict the course of the disease. Aim . To study the levels of body mass index and bone mineral density in men and women with fractures of different localizations. Materials and methods . 828 postmenopausal women (61.94 ± 7.98 years) and 496 men over 50 years (62.03 ± 10.83 years) were examined. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by means of two-phase Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) using QDR 4500A (Hologic, USA) in standard locations. Body mass index (BMI) was also assessed. Results and discussion . The study has revealed associations between BMI and peripheral bone fractures, BMD of the lumbar vertebrae and fractures of the peripheral bones and spine, BMD of the femoral neck and fractures of this localization in women. In men, associations were revealed between BMI, BMD of the lumbar spine and fractures of all localizations, as well as between BMD of the femoral neck and spinal fractures and concomitant fractures. Conclusion . In women, a decrease in BMD of the femoral neck enhances the risk of fractures in general, BMD of the lumbar spine — only the risk of fractures of this localization. In men, a decline in BMD of both the lumbar spine and the femoral neck increases the risk of fractures of various localizations. Reduced BMI enhances the risk of fractures in general in both men and women.