Abstract
For a deep understanding of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) collaborative innovation, we detected and visualized the communities of innovation in BTH Urban Agglomeration based on the patent cooperation network. China Patent Database was connected with Business Registration Database and the Tianyan Check to achieve the geographical information of organizational innovators. Spinglass algorithm was applied and ultimately 12 communities of innovation were detected. Based on the different structure characteristics, we further clustered the 12 communities into four typical structures that are hierarchical, single-center, polycentric, and flat structures. The hierarchical structure is usually large in scale and the cooperative intensity is relatively high. Single-center structure has a center with a high proportion of centrality and the cooperative intensity is relatively low. Polycentric structure has multiple centers with similar proportions of centrality. Flat structure is usually small in scale and has no obvious network center. In the patent cooperative network of BTH Urban Agglomeration, universities and state-owned enterprises occupied the centers and acted important roles to connect other organizations. Some communities of innovation showed significant industry characteristics, mainly involving six industry fields that are electric power, construction, petroleum, metallurgy and materials, municipal transportation, and railway. From the geographical perspective, some communities manifested local attributes and some demonstrated cooperation between regions. Beijing was the center of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei patent cooperation network. Compared with the pair of Beijing-Tianjin and the pair of Beijing-Hebei, Tianjin and Hebei were not closely connected. In the future, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei collaborative innovation should strengthen cooperation between Tianjin and Hebei.
Highlights
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) integration plan is an important national strategy aimed for the sustainable development of the BTH Urban Agglomeration
Xing and Zhang [6] observed the innovation network evolution process of BTH Urban Agglomeration and compared the network features with Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration based on the copatenting data of the World Intellectual Property Organization. e previous studies have studied the network characteristics and spatial distribution characteristics of the innovation network in BTH Urban Agglomeration constructed at the city level or microlevel
Dataset. ree data sources were used in this paper. e first was China Patent Database from the State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) from 1985 to March 2018, which contained 19 variables including patent application time, inventor, patentee, and patent category. e second was Business Registration Database (BRD) from the State Administration of Industry and Commerce (SAIC) which contained 15 variables including enterprise name, province, city, district, 4-digit industry code, registered capital, foundation date, and address. e third was data from the TianYanCha Database (TYCD), which collected information on more than 180 million social entities in the country, including listing information, enterprise background, enterprise development, judicial risk, business risk, business status, and intellectual property rights
Summary
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) integration plan is an important national strategy aimed for the sustainable development of the BTH Urban Agglomeration. Some scholars have explored the cooperative innovation in BTH Urban Agglomeration from the perspective of network based on Complexity copatenting, copublications, or patent right transaction data. Liu et al [2] portrayed the spatial dynamics of intercity technology transfer networks in China’s three urban agglomerations based on patent right transaction data from 2008 to 2015. Lyu et al [5] revealed the spatial organization and evolution characteristics of the innovation network of BTH Urban Agglomeration based on coauthorized patent data. With the availability of data and the development of methodology, researchers can detect and visualize communities of innovation in innovation cooperative networks. Is paper detected and visualized the communities of innovation in BTH Urban Agglomeration based on the patent cooperation network by using community detection techniques in SNA. From the communities of innovation, we can find the features of the innovation cooperation in BTH Urban Agglomeration
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