Abstract
The 2D electrical resistivity imaging survey was implemented in the area located within the University of Anbar, using a dipole-dipole array to detect the gypsum soil layer. This survey was done along seven analogous 2D lines adjacency in E-W direction, then the data of all 2D lines were merged to produce 3D resistivity imaging models. Laboratory tests of three soil samples in the survey area were analyzed and correlated with data obtained from 2D imaging to determine gypsum content in the soil. Our results of 2D and 3D imaging models show that the gypsum soil layer thickness is 2.53 m approximately, and it is characterized by high differences in the resistivity values in the range of 50 to more than 400 Ωm. This difference is generally caused by high inhomogeneities in the hardness of soil components, while the test results show the gypsum content in the samples equal to 213, 232, and 211 g/kg respectively, and it is indicative of that the soil consists of a high content of gypsum. The correlation between these results is indicative of the area is unstable and can be led to a differential settlement that causes cracks and collapses of the constructions.
Highlights
Gypsum soil is one of the most important materials that directly affect construction stability especially when groundwater level lies near the earth's surface
The survey was carried out by this array because most studies, that have been carried out to determine which of arrays respond best in imaging shallow targets in different situations, indicated that the higher resolution and high sensitivity to geologic detail for shallow investigation offered by the dipole-dipole array (Al-Zubedi, 2015)
The results of laboratory tests show that the gypsum content (CaSO4. 2H2O) of three selected samples is equal to 213, 232 and 211 g /kg, respectively
Summary
Gypsum soil is one of the most important materials that directly affect construction stability especially when groundwater level lies near the earth's surface. This effect appears when gypsum dissolved in water leaving cavities and voids that lead to a differential settlement that causes cracks and collapses of buildings (Al-Mamoori, 2017). Application of these techniques for geotechnical site characterization is very useful to determine the subsurface geology and the subsurface structures such as cavities, voids, soil stability (Auken et al, 2006: Sudha et al, 2009; Wisén et al, 2012; Mohammad, 2012; Loke et al, 2013; Thabit and Abed, 2014; Abdelwahab, 2013; Hassan and Nsaif, 2016; Amini and Ramazi, 2017; Hassan et al, 2018 and Aziz et al, 2019)
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